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to exhaust the economy

Толкование Перевод

1 exhaust the economy

Дипломатический термин: истощить экономику

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > exhaust the economy
2 exhaust the economy

истощить экономику

Англо-русский дипломатический словарь > exhaust the economy
3 to exhaust the economy

истощить экономику

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to exhaust the economy
4 economy

n

1) экономика; хозяйство

2) экономия; бережливость

•

to afflict the world's economy — отрицательно влиять на мировую экономику

to animate the economy — оживлять экономику

to apply the brakes to the economy — тормозить развитие экономики

to boost the economy — ускорять развитие экономики

to bring in a market economy — вводить экономику рыночного типа

to bring the economy under control — ставить экономику под контроль

to bring the country into the global economy — делать страну частью мировой экономической системы

to build up national economy — строить / создавать национальную экономику

to convert the country's ailing economy into smth — превращать больную экономику страны во что-л.

to correct the economy — исправлять положение в экономике

to create a diversified economy — создавать многоотраслевую экономику

to cripple the economy — подрывать экономику

to deal a heavy blow to the country's economy — наносить серьезный удар по экономике страны

to derail the economy — подрывать экономику

to destabilize the economy — дестабилизировать экономику

to develop the national economy — развивать национальную экономику

to dislocate the economy — приводить экономику к разрухе

to dismantle state control of the economy — отказываться от государственного управления экономикой

to distort country's economy — придавать экономике страны однобокий характер

to embark on a market economy — начинать переход к рыночной экономике

to enter the world economy — становиться частью мировой экономической системы

to exhaust the economy — истощать экономику

to expand a country's economy — развивать экономику страны

to get a big pickup in the world economy — добиваться значительного подъема мировой экономики

to get the economy back on track — налаживать экономику

to get the economy into shape — приводить экономику в порядок

to get the economy moving — давать толчок развитию экономики

to give a temporary boost to the economy — приводить ко временному подъему в экономике

to govern the world economy — управлять мировой экономикой

to have a damping effect on economy — приводить к застою в экономике

to have a profound effect on the economy — серьезно отражаться на состоянии экономики

to have an impact on a country's economy — сказываться на экономике страны

to help a country toward a market economy — помогать переходу страны к рыночной экономике

to improve one's economy — улучшать состояние экономики

to industrialize economy — индустриализировать экономику

to inflict damage on a country's economy — наносить ущерб экономике страны

to inherit a backward economy from smb — унаследовать отсталую экономику от кого-л.

to interact with the world economy — взаимодействовать с мировой экономикой

to keep a tight control over the economy — осуществлять жесткий контроль над экономикой

to keep the economy in balance — поддерживать экономику в состоянии равновесия

to knick the economy into shape — приводить экономику в порядок

to knock a country's economy into shape — приводить в порядок экономику страны

to liberalize the economy — либерализировать экономику

to make economy buoyant — стимулировать экономический рост

to meet the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.

to militarize the economy — милитаризировать экономику

to mismanage a country's economy — проявлять бесхозяйственность в управлении экономикой страны

to overhaul a country's economy — приводить в порядок экономику страны

to paralyze the economy — парализовывать экономику

to place strains on a country's economy — перегружать экономику страны

to place the economy of the country under control — ставить экономику страны под контроль

to plunge the economy into chaos — ввергать экономику страны в хаос

to put the economy into shape — приводить экономику в порядок

to put the economy on the a war-time footing — переводить экономику на военные рельсы

to put the country's economy back on its feet — ставить экономику страны на ноги

to ravage the economy — подрывать экономику

to rebuild a country's economy — восстанавливать / реконструировать экономику страны

to regenerate the economy — восстанавливать экономику

to rehabilitate the war-ravaged national economy — восстанавливать разрушенную войной экономику страны

to rejuvenate the economy — восстанавливать экономику

to remodel the economy — переделывать / изменять экономику

to reshape the economy — перестраивать экономику

to restore the economy — восстанавливать экономику

to restructure the economy — перестраивать экономику

to return to a command economy — возвращаться к командным методам в экономике

to revitalize / to revive the economy — возрождать / оживлять экономику

to run the economy — управлять экономикой

to rupture the economy — разрушать экономику

to sabotage the economy — сознательно подрывать экономику

to safeguard a country's economy against smth — обезопасить экономику страны от чего-л.

to satisfy the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.

to shake up the economy — встряхивать экономику

to slow the economy — замедлять развитие экономики

to stabilize the economy — стабилизировать экономику

to stave off further deterioration of the economy — предотвращать дальнейший спад экономики

to steady the world economy — укреплять мировую экономику

to stimulate one's domestic economy — стимулировать рост экономики внутри страны

to strengthen the economy — укреплять экономику

to take the heat out of the economy — ослаблять экономику

to throw the economy into recession — приводить к экономическому спаду

to tighten one's economy hold — усиливать свое экономическое влияние

to transform the economy — преобразовывать экономику

to trip the economy into recession — подталкивать экономику к спаду

to turn the economy round — налаживать экономику

to undermine a country's economy — подрывать экономику страны

to weaken the economy — ослаблять экономику

- advanced economy
- adversely affected branches of economy
- agricultural economy
- ailing economy
- ailing economies of the Third World
- all-embracing economy
- appalling state of the economy
- balanced development of the branches of economy
- barter economy
- beleaguered economy
- black economy
- buoyancy in a country's economy
- buoyant economy
- business economy
- capitalist economy
- centralized economy
- centrally planned economy
- closed economy
- cohesive economy
- collapsing economy
- colonialist economy
- command economy
- commanding heights of the economy
- competitive economy
- complementary economies
- consumer economy
- controlled economy
- crippled economy
- crisis-free economy
- critical state of the economy
- day-to-day running of economy
- debt-ridden economy
- defense economy
- developed economy
- developed national economy
- developing economy
- dire state of the economy
- disrupted economy
- domestic economy
- economy catches its breath
- economy constricts
- economy expands
- economy goes deeper into crisis
- economy goes into a decline
- economy is buoyant
- economy is close to collapse
- economy is coming out of recession
- economy is crumbling
- economy is diving into a recession
- economy is facing a slump
- economy is faltering
- economy is headed upward
- economy is in a dreadful state
- economy is in a state of collapse
- economy is in bad condition
- economy is in recession
- economy is in the doldrums
- economy is not out of the woods yet
- economy is rolling downhill
- economy is sagging
- economy is seriously unbalanced
- economy is shrinking
- economy of disarmament
- economy of fuel
- economy of one-sided development
- economy of scarcity
- economy recovers
- economy undergoing charges
- economy will undergo drastic surgical measures
- economy with a high rate of growth in per capita output
- economies of industrialized countries are booming
- economies of scale
- economies on labor
- economies on social services
- emerging economy
- engineering economy
- exchange economy
- expanding economy
- fast developing economy
- flagging economy
- fragile economy
- frail economy
- free economy
- free enterprise economy
- freewheeling economy
- full employment economy
- ghost economy
- gilt-edged economy
- global economy
- gray economy
- green economy
- gross mismanagement of economy
- growth of the economy
- growth rate of the economy
- healthy economy
- high employment economy
- high interest rates further dampen down the economy
- highly developed branches of the economy
- home economy
- humane economy
- industrial economy
- inflationary pressures on the economy
- intensification of economy
- laissez-faire economy
- less centralized grip on the economy
- lop-sided economy
- low pressure economy
- major economy
- management of the economy
- market economy
- market-oriented economy
- mature economy
- mechanics of economy
- militarization of the economy
- militarized economy
- military economy
- mixed economy
- modernization of the economy
- monetary economy
- moribund economy
- multibranch economy
- multisectoral economy
- multistructrural economy
- national economy
- no-growth period of economy
- ongoing trends in the world economy
- overheated economy
- peace-time economy
- peasant economy
- plan-based economy
- planless economy
- plan-market economy
- planned economy
- pluralistic economy
- policy of economy

- political economy
- powerful economy
- private economy
- private enterprise economy
- private sector of the economy
- progressive transformation of the economy
- protected economy
- public sector of the economy
- rapid expansion of the economy
- ravaged economy
- recovery in economy
- reforming of the economy along western lines
- regulated market economy
- retooling of the national economy
- revitalization of the economy
- robber economy
- robust economy
- run-down economy
- rural economy
- sagging economy
- sane economy
- self-sustained economy
- shadow economy
- shaky economy
- shattered economy
- shift away from central control of the economy
- shift to a market economy
- sick economy
- siege economy
- simple commodity economy
- size of the economy
- slide in the economy
- slowing of economy
- sluggish economy
- socialist economy
- socialist system of economy
- socialized economy
- sound economy
- Soviet-style economy
- spaceman economy
- spontaneous economy
- stability of economy
- stagnant economy
- state of the economy

- state-monopoly economy
- state-run economy
- stationary economy
- steady-state economy
- strict economy
- strong economy
- study of world economy
- subsistence economy
- sustained growth of economy
- swift transition to market economy
- swiss-cheese economy
- switchover to a market economy
- the country's economy grew by 10 per cent
- the country's economy has been in better shape than before
- the country's economy is in a pretty bad way
- the country's economy is in dire trouble
- tottering economy
- transition to market economy
- troubled economy
- turnaround in the economy
- two interlined economies
- unbalanced economy
- under-the-table economy
- unstable economy
- viable economy
- war economy
- war-ravaged economy
- war-time economy
- weakening of the economy
- world economy

Politics english-russian dictionary > economy
5 economy

n

1) экономика, (народное) хозяйство

- intensification of economy

- mechanics of economy

- multistructural character of the economy

- size of the economy

- private sector of the economy

- public sector of the economy

- economy undergoing changes

- economy's growth rate

- interpenetration of the economies

- interdependence of economies

- further slowing of economy

- critical state of the economy

- revitalization of the economy

- revival of the economy

- independent reconstruction of the economies of the newly independent countries

- revitalize the economy

- animate the economy

- destabilize the economy

- cripple the economy

- exhaust the economy

- diagnose the economy's ills

- make economy buoyant

- keep economy depressed

- put the economy on a wartime footing

- the economy is buoyant

- economy is faltering

- economy is facing a slump

2) экономия, бережливость

- economies in labour

- economies on the social services

- practise economy

•

- economies of fuel

- viable economy

- crisis free economy

- national economy

- overheated economy

- economy of scarcity

- closed economy

- complementary economies

- shortage economy

- healthy economy

- cohesive economy

- austerity economy

- competitive economies

- advanced economy

- agricultural economy

- monetary economy

- stagnant economy

- laissez-faire economy

- low pressure economy

- full employment economy

- sick economy

- farm economy

- self-sufficient economy

- centralized economy

- private enterprise economy

- steady-state economy

- shadow economy

- recast the world economy

- military economy

- exchange economy

- developing economy

- war economy

- controlled economy

- political economy

- peacetime economy

- sagging economy

- private economy

- business economy

- multistructure economy

- major economy

- defence economy

- ailing economy

- colonialist economy

- economy of high wages

- improved performance in world economy

- developing market economies

- high employment economy

- diversified economy

- stationary economy

- multibranch economy

- expanding economy

- give rise to a shadow economy

- economies of mass research

- state-run economy

- rigorous economy

- centrally planned economy

- plan-based economy

- market economies

- unbalanced economy

- industrial economy

- rural economy

- corporate economy

- money economy

- mixed economy

- mature economies

- subsistence economy

- high pressure economy

- rigid economy

- world economy

- Western industrial economies

- developed market economies

- economy of export resources

- branch of national economy

- free enterprise economy

- root out the shadow economy

- strict economy

- market-oriented economy

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > economy
6 exhaust

technology

• pakokaasu

• pakoputki

technology

• pakokaasut

• nuuduttaa

• näännyttää

• näännys

• tyhjentää

• ehdyttää

• ammentaa tyhjiin

• uuvus

• uuvuttaa

• vaivata

• väsyttää

• puhallus

• raskauttaa

• ramaista

• rasittaa

• raukaista

• kuluttaa loppuun

• kuluttaa

finance, business, economy

• lasku

• poisto-

technology

• poistoputki

• poisto

* * *
iɡ'zo:st 1. verb
1) (to make very tired: She was exhausted by her long walk.) uuvuttaa

2) (to use all of; to use completely: We have exhausted our supplies; You're exhausting my patience.) kuluttaa loppuun

3) (to say all that can be said about (a subject etc): We've exhausted that topic.) ammentaa tyhjiin
2. noun
((an outlet from the engine of a car, motorcycle etc for) fumes and other waste.) pakoputki, pakokaasu

- exhausted
- exhaustion
- exhaustive

English-Finnish dictionary > exhaust
7 экономика экономик·а

1) (народное хозяйство) economy, economics

восстановить / оздоровить экономику — to stage an economic recovery

вскрыть болезненные явления в экономике — to diagnose the economy's ills

дестабилизировать экономику — to destabilize the economy

истощать экономику — to exhaust the economy

модернизировать экономику — to modernize the economy

наносить урон / ущерб экономике, парализовать экономику — to cripple economy

оживить экономику — to animate / to revitalize the economy

перевести экономику на военные рельсы — to put the economy on a wartime footing

подрывать / разрушать экономику — to erode the economy

совершенствовать управление экономикой — to perfect economic management

экономика испытывает затруднения — economy is faltering

бескризисная экономика — crisis-free economy

военная — defence / military / war economy

высокоразвитая экономика — highly developed economy

вялая экономика, экономика низкой конъюнктуры — low pressure economy

государственная централизованная экономика — state centralized economy

денежная / монетарная экономика — monetary / money economy

дефицитная экономика — economy of scarcity, shortage economy

диспропорциональная экономика — unbalanced economy

дополняющие друг друга экономики (нескольких стран) — complementary economics

жизнеспособная экономика — viable economy

замкнутая / изолированная / обособленная экономика (не имеющая внешних связей) — closed economy

застойная экономика — sick / stagnant economy

здоровая экономика — healthy economy

изменяющаяся экономика — economy undergoing changes

индустриальная / промышленно развитая экономика — industrial economy

конкурирующие экономики — competitive economies

корпоративная экономика — corporate economy

маргинальная экономика — marginal economy

мировая экономика, экономика мирового хозяйства — international / world economy / economics

преобразовать мировую экономику — to recast the world economy

многоотраслевая экономика — diversified / multi-branch economy

многоукладная экономика — multistructure economy

монокультурная экономика — single-crop economy

находящаяся на спаде экономика — sagging economy

национальная экономика — national economy

плановая экономика — plan-based / planned economy, planned economics

создать плановую экономику — to build up a planned economy

предпринимательская экономика — business economy

процветающая экономика — healthy economy

развивающаяся экономика — developing / expanding economy

развитая экономика — advanced / developed economy

региональная экономика — regional economy

рыночная экономика, экономика, ориентирующаяся на развитие рыночных связей — market-oriented / exchange economy, market system

страны с рыночной экономикой — market economics

самообеспеченная — self-sufficient economy

сельскохозяйственная экономика — agricultural economy

слабая / больная экономика — ailing economy

смешанная экономика — mixed economy

стабильная / устойчивая экономика — stationary / steady-state economy

статистическая экономика — statistical economy

теневая экономика — shadow economy

искоренить теневую экономику — to root out the shadow economy

породить теневую экономику — to give rise to a shadow economy

частнопредпринимательская экономика — private enterprise economy

аграрный сектор экономики — agrarian sector of the economy

взаимозависимость / взаимосвязь экономик различных стран — interdependence of economies

взаимопроникновение экономик — interpenetration of the economies

вопросы экономики — economic problems / questions

внутреннее равновесие экономики — internal balance

восстановление экономики — economic rehabilitation

государственный сектор экономики — state-run economy

гражданский сектор экономики — civilian sector of economy

дестабилизация экономики страны — destabilisation of a country's economy

замедление / спад темпов роста экономики — slackening in the rate of economic growth

интенсификация экономики — intensification of economy

кооперативный сектор экономики — economy's cooperative sector, cooperative sector of economy

критическое положение экономики — critical state of the economy

масштабы экономики — size of the economy

многоукладность экономики — multistructural character of the economy

общий рост экономики — general growth of economy

однобокое развитие экономики — one-sided development of the economy

оживление экономики — revitalization of economy, revival in the economy

подрыв / разрушение экономики — erosion of economy

подъём экономики — upsurge of the economy

обеспечить подъём экономики — to ensure an upsurge of the economy

послание президента Конгрессу по вопросам экономики (США) — Economic Message to Congress

потери в экономике — economic waste

программа оздоровления экономики — economic recovery programme

равновесие внутренней экономики — domestic equilibrium

развитие экономики — development of the economy

перспективы развития мировой экономики — world economic outlock

сбалансированное развитие экономики — balanced development of the economy

степень развития экономики — degree of economic development

реконверсия экономики — reconversion of economy

руководство / управление экономикой — economic management

состояние экономики — economic climate

спад в экономике — slowing / slackening of the economy

поддерживать экономику в состоянии спада — to keep the economy deprened

стабилизация экономики — economic stabilization

структурные изменения в экономике — structural changes in economy

укрепление экономики — strengthening of economy

функционирование экономики — economic performance, operation of economy

функционирование экономики в условиях неполной занятости — underperformance of economy

функционирование мировой экономики — functioning of the world economy

механизм функционирования экономики — mechanics of economy

общественный сектор экономики — public sector of economy

частный сектор экономики — private sector of the economy

экономика высокой занятости — high employment economy

экономика высокой конъюнктуры / "высокого давления" — high pressure economy

экономика городов — urban economy

экономика, испытывающая затруднения — faltering economy

экономика мирного времени — peacetime economy

экономика переходного периода — economy of the transition period

экономика полной занятости — full employment economy

экономика свободной конкуренции — laissez-faire economy

экономика свободного предпринимательства — free enterprise economy

экономика сельского хозяйства — rural / farm economy / economics

экономика с тенденцией к неконтролируемой инфляции — overheated economy

экономика страны — national economy, national economic enterprise

экономика труда — labour economic

экономика успешно развивается — the economy is buoyant

2) (научная дисциплина) economics

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > экономика экономик·а
8 истощить экономику

Diplomatic term: exhaust the economy

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > истощить экономику
9 arrojar

v.

1 to throw.

Lo arrojó con fuerza a la acera It threw him out onto the street.

2 to send out (despedir) (humo).

arrojar luz sobre algo (figurative) to throw light on something

3 to throw up.

Arrojó toda su comida He threw up all his food.

4 to throw away, to shed.

Ella arrojó sus fantasías She threw away her fantasies.

5 to yield, to afford.

Su esfuerzo arroja mucha esperanza His effort yields much hope.

6 to exhaust, to belch out.

* * *

arrojar

► verbo transitivo

1 (tirar) to throw, fling

■ lo arrojararon al mar he was flung into the sea

2 (echar con violencia) to throw out, kick out

■ le arrojaron a la calle he was kicked out on the street

3 (vomitar) to vomit, throw up

4 (emitir - humo) to send out, belch out; (- olor) to give off; (- lava) to spew out

5 (cuentas etc) to show, produce, give

► verbo intransitivo

1 to vomit

► verbo pronominal arrojarse

1 to throw oneself

■ se arrojó sobre él she jumped on him

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

'Prohibido arrojar basuras' "No dumping"

* * *

verb

1) to throw, hurl, cast

2) produce, yield

3) spew, vomit

•

- arrojarse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=lanzar) to throw; [con fuerza] to hurl

la niña arrojaba piedras al río — the girl was throwing stones into the river

los hinchas arrojaron piedras contra la policía — the fans threw o hurled stones at the police

arroja el papel al cubo de la basura — throw the paper into the wastepaper basket

no arrojar basura — no tipping

2) [+ humo, lava] to send out

3) [+ resultados, datos] to produce

la investigación ha arrojado datos muy negativos — the investigation has produced some very negative data

la transacción arrojó un balance positivo — the transaction yielded a profit

este estudio arroja (alguna) luz sobre el tema — this study sheds some light on the subject

el accidente arrojó 80 muertos — LAm the accident left 80 dead

4) (=expulsar) to throw out

lo arrojó de casa por su comportamiento — she threw him out of the house because of his behaviour

5) LAm (=vomitar) to bring up, vomit

2.

See:

arrojarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( tirar) to throw

arrojaban piedras contra la policía — the demonstrators hurled o threw stones at the police

prohibido arrojar objetos a la vía — do not throw objects onto the track

b) < lava> to spew (out); < humo> to belch out; < luz> to shed

c) (liter) ( expulsar) < persona> to cast out (liter)

2) (frml) <resultado/pruebas> to produce

la catástrofe arrojó 18 muertos — the disaster left 18 people dead

el sondeo arroja un balance favorable a los Liberales — the poll gives the Liberals a favorable lead

3) ( vomitar) to vomit
2.
arrojar vi to vomit
3.
arrojarse v pron (refl) to throw oneself

se arrojaron al agua — they threw themselves o jumped into the water

arrojarse sobre algo/alguien — to throw oneself onto something/somebody

el perro se arrojó sobre el intruso — the dog pounced on the intruder

* * *

= toss out, fling, toss, spew (out), pitch, toss away, hurl, throw.

Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado threw, participio thrown.

Ex. In preparation for computerization, let us not toss out old standards that were good.

Ex. A gust of wind flung a powder of snow from the window-sill into the room.

Ex. Everything being online, the exquisite oaken cabinets housing the card files were tossed.

Ex. Simultaneously, automatic gunfire spewed out from a sandbagged position west of the village across the river mouth.

Ex. They pitched him unceremoniously out of the window, laming him for life, on a brick pavement below.

Ex. It's a waste to toss them away, so I decided to make them into this pair of lovely bobby pins.

Ex. Palestinians hurled Molotov cocktails Friday at Israeli soldiers operating south of Nablus, the army said.

Ex. The point to be made for the novice abstractor is that editors are not ghouls who must be thrown raw meat before a check is issued.

----

* arrojar a la basura = trash.

* arrojar al olvido = throw into + oblivion.

* arrojar dudas sobre = cast + doubt on.

* arrojar la esponja = throw in/up + the sponge.

* arrojar la toalla = throw in + the towel.

* arrojar luz = shed + light (on/upon), shed + understanding.

* arrojar luz sobre = throw + light on, cast + light on.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( tirar) to throw

arrojaban piedras contra la policía — the demonstrators hurled o threw stones at the police

prohibido arrojar objetos a la vía — do not throw objects onto the track

b) < lava> to spew (out); < humo> to belch out; < luz> to shed

c) (liter) ( expulsar) < persona> to cast out (liter)

2) (frml) <resultado/pruebas> to produce

la catástrofe arrojó 18 muertos — the disaster left 18 people dead

el sondeo arroja un balance favorable a los Liberales — the poll gives the Liberals a favorable lead

3) ( vomitar) to vomit
2.
arrojar vi to vomit
3.
arrojarse v pron (refl) to throw oneself

se arrojaron al agua — they threw themselves o jumped into the water

arrojarse sobre algo/alguien — to throw oneself onto something/somebody

el perro se arrojó sobre el intruso — the dog pounced on the intruder

* * *

= toss out, fling, toss, spew (out), pitch, toss away, hurl, throw.

Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado threw, participio thrown.

Ex: In preparation for computerization, let us not toss out old standards that were good.

Ex: A gust of wind flung a powder of snow from the window-sill into the room.

Ex: Everything being online, the exquisite oaken cabinets housing the card files were tossed.

Ex: Simultaneously, automatic gunfire spewed out from a sandbagged position west of the village across the river mouth.

Ex: They pitched him unceremoniously out of the window, laming him for life, on a brick pavement below.

Ex: It's a waste to toss them away, so I decided to make them into this pair of lovely bobby pins.

Ex: Palestinians hurled Molotov cocktails Friday at Israeli soldiers operating south of Nablus, the army said.

Ex: The point to be made for the novice abstractor is that editors are not ghouls who must be thrown raw meat before a check is issued.

* arrojar a la basura = trash.

* arrojar al olvido = throw into + oblivion.

* arrojar dudas sobre = cast + doubt on.

* arrojar la esponja = throw in/up + the sponge.

* arrojar la toalla = throw in + the towel.

* arrojar luz = shed + light (on/upon), shed + understanding.

* arrojar luz sobre = throw + light on, cast + light on.

* * *

arrojar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 (tirar) to throw

arrojaron su cuerpo al mar they flung o threw o ( liter) cast his body into the sea

el que esté libre de culpa que arroje la primera piedra ( Bib) let he who is free from guilt cast the first stone

los manifestantes arrojaron piedras contra la policía the demonstrators hurled o threw stones at the police

[ S ] prohibido arrojar objetos a la vía do not throw objects out of the window

2 ‹lava› to spew (out); ‹humo› to belch out; ‹luz› to shed

arrojaba un olor fétido it gave off a putrid smell

3 ( liter) (expulsar) ‹persona› to cast out ( liter)

B ( frml); ‹resultado/pruebas› to produce

el estudio arrojó los siguientes resultados the results of the study were as follows, the study produced the following results

la investigación no ha arrojado conclusiones claras the research has not yielded o produced any clear conclusions

la catástrofe arrojó 18 muertos y más de 100 heridos the disaster left 18 people dead and more than 100 injured

el último balance/ejercicio arrojó ganancias brutas de … the latest balance sheet showed/the last financial year produced a gross profit of …

el sondeo arroja un balance claramente favorable a los Liberales the poll gives the Liberals a clear lead

luz

C (vomitar) to vomit, to throw up, to bring up

■ arrojar

vi

to vomit, throw up, bring up

■ arrojarse

v pron

( refl) to throw oneself

se arrojaron al agua they threw themselves o jumped o leaped into the water

se arrojó por la ventana she threw o hurled herself out of the window

arrojarse SOBRE algo/algn to throw oneself ONTO sth/sb

el perro se arrojó sobre el intruso the dog pounced o leaped on the intruder

* * *

arrojar ( conjugate arrojar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( tirar) to throw;

(Aviac) ‹ bomba› to drop
b) ‹ lava› to spew (out);

‹ humo› to belch out;
‹ luz› to shed
2 ( vomitar) to bring up, throw up
arrojarse verbo pronominal ( refl) to throw oneself;
arrojarse sobre algo/algn [ persona] to throw oneself onto sth/sb;
[perro/tigre] to pounce on sth/sb
arrojar verbo transitivo
1 (lanzar) to throw, fling
2 Com (un resultado) to show
' arrojar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
estampar
- lanzar
- terminantemente
- tirar
- toalla
- bomba
- dar
- ir
- mandar
English:
belch
- cast
- cast away
- dash
- fling
- gauntlet
- heave
- hurl
- pitch
- shed
- shoot out
- slam down
- throw
- throw in
- shoot
- show
- spew
- spout

* * *

arrojar

♦ vt

1. [lanzar] to throw;
[con violencia] to hurl, to fling;
arrojaron piedras contra la embajada they hurled o flung stones at the embassy;

prohibido arrojar basuras [en letrero] no dumping;

prohibido arrojar objetos a la vía [en letrero] do not throw objects onto the track

2. [despedir] [humo] to send out;
[olor] to give off; [lava] to spew out; Fig
arrojar luz sobre algo to throw light on sth

3. [echar]
arrojar a alguien de to throw o kick sb out of;

lo arrojaron de casa they threw o kicked him out

4. [resultado]
el censo arrojó la cifra de 50 millones de habitantes the census arrived at a figure of 50 million inhabitants;

las cuentas arrojaban un déficit de 5.000 millones the accounts showed a deficit of five billion;

el resultado arroja dudas sobre la popularidad del gobierno the result casts doubt on the government's popularity;

las cifras arrojan perspectivas optimistas para la economía the figures offer room for optimism about the future of the economy;

la gestión del gobierno arroja un saldo positivo on balance, the government's performance has been good

5. [vomitar] to throw up

♦ vi
[vomitar] to throw up
♦ See also the pronominal verb arrojarse

* * *

arrojar

v/t

1 ( lanzar) throw

2 resultado produce

3 ( vomitar) throw up

* * *

arrojar vt

1) : to hurl, to cast, to throw

2) : to give off, to spew out

3) : to yield, to produce

4) fam : to vomit

♦ See also the reflexive verb arrojarse

* * *

arrojar vb (lanzar) to throw [pt. threw; pp. thrown]

Spanish-English dictionary > arrojar
10 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom

SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Land transport, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Ports and shipping, Public utilities, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, England

d. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England

[br]

English civil and mechanical engineer.

[br]

The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.

From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).

Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).

The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.

Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.

As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.

The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).

The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.

[br]

Further Reading

L.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
11 истощать запасы

1) Economy: run short of supplies, unstock

2) Business: run down stocks

3) Oil&Gas technology deplete

4) Makarov: deplete stocks, deplete supplies, drain the supply, exhaust the supply

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > истощать запасы
12 расходовать запасы

1) Economy: draw on stocks

2) Makarov: deplete stocks, drain the supply, exhaust the supply

3) Logistics: eat down stocks

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > расходовать запасы
13 на конце трубы

Economy: the (exhaust) end of the stack

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > на конце трубы
14 vía

f.

1 road, way, lane, street.

2 manner.

3 avenue, option.

4 tract, channel.

5 line.

* * *

vía

► nombre femenino

1 (camino) road, way; (calle) street; (carril) lane

2 (de tren) track, line; (en la estación) platform

■ el tren de la vía uno the train at platform one

3 ANATOMÍA passage, canal, track

4 figurado (modo) way, manner, means

5 DERECHO procedure

6 (rumbo, dirección) via, through

■ Barcelona-Singapur vía Frankfurt Barcelona-Singapore via Frankfurt

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dar vía libre a to leave the way open for

de vía doble double-track

de vía estrecha (ferrocarril) narrow-gauge 2 figurado mediocre

en vías de in the process of

■ países en vías de desarrollo developing countries

por vía aérea (gen) by air 2 (correo) airmail

por vía marítima by sea

por vía oficial through official channels

por vía oral to be taken orally

por vía terrestre overland

transmisión vía satélite satellite transmission

vía contenciosa DERECHO legal action

vía de acceso slip road

vía de agua leak

vía de circunvalación bypass

vía de comunicación communication channel

vía férrea railway track, US railroad track

vía judicial legal procedure

Vía Láctea Milky Way

vía muerta (ferrocarril) siding 2 figurado impasse

vía pública public thoroughfare

vía oficial official channel

vías urinarias urinary tract sing

* * *
1. noun f.
1) way

2) road, railway, track

3) means

•

- por vía
2. prep.
via

* * *

1. SF

1) (=calle) road; (en autopista) lane

¡por favor, dejen la vía libre! — please make way!

vía de abastecimiento — supply route

vía de acceso — access road

vía de agua — leak

se abrió una vía de agua en el barco — the boat sprang a leak

vía de circunvalación — bypass, ring road, beltway (EEUU)

vía de dirección única — one-way street o road

vía de escape — escape route, way out

Vía Láctea — Milky Way

vía libre —

el gobierno ha dado o dejado vía libre al proyecto — the government has given the go-ahead to the project

eso es dar o dejar la vía libre a la corrupción — that's leaving the way open for corruption

vía pecuaria — cattle route

vía pública — public highway, thoroughfare

vía romana — Roman road

2) (Ferro) (=raíl) track, line; (=andén) platform

fue arrollado cuando cruzaba la vía — he was run over when he was crossing the track o line

el tren está estacionado en la vía ocho — the train is (standing) at platform eight

vía ancha — broad gauge

de vía ancha — broad-gauge [antes de s]

vía doble — double track

vía estrecha — narrow gauge

de vía estrecha — narrow-gauge [antes de s]

vía férrea — railway, railroad (EEUU)

vía muerta — (Ferro) siding

el proceso ha entrado en una vía muerta — the process has come to a dead end

vía única — single track

de vía única — single-track [antes de s]

3) (Transportes, Correos)

vía aérea — airway

por vía aérea — [viaje] by air; [envío postal] (by) airmail

vía de comunicación — communication route

vía fluvial — waterway

vía marítima — sea route, seaway

por vía marítima — by sea

vía terrestre — overland route

por vía terrestre — [viaje] overland, by land; [envío postal] (by) surface mail

4) (Anat) tract

vías digestivas — digestive tract [sing]

vías respiratorias — respiratory tract [sing]

vías urinarias — urinary tract [sing]

5) (=medio, canal)

no conseguirán nada por la vía de la violencia — they won't achieve anything through violence o by using violence

por vía arbitral — by (process of) arbitration

por vía oficial — through official channels

tercera vía — middle way, compromise

vía judicial —

recurrir a la vía judicial — to go to the courts, have recourse to the law

vías de hecho — eufphysical violence [sing], assault and battery [sing]

6) (Med)

por vía oral o bucal — orally

por vía tópica — topically, externally

por vía interna — internally

por vía intravenosa — intravenously

7)

en vías de: un país en vías de desarrollo — a developing country

una especie en vías de extinción — an endangered species

el asunto está en vías de solución — the matter is on its way to being solved

8) (Rel) way

Vía Crucis — Way of the Cross, Stations of the Cross [pl]

9) (Quím) process

2.

PREP via

un vuelo a Nueva York vía Londres — a flight to New York via London

retransmisión vía satélite — satellite broadcast

* * *
I
femenino

1)

a) (ruta, camino)

una vía urbana — (frml) an urban thoroughfare (frml)

la vía rápida — the fast route

vía navegable — waterway

una vía al diálogo — a channel o an avenue for dialogue

dejen vía libre! — clear the way!

dar vía libre a algo — to give something the go-ahead o the green light

tener vía libre — to have a free hand

b) ( medio de transporte)

por vía aérea/marítima/terrestre — by air/by sea/by land

vía aérea — airmail

c) (medio, procedimiento) channels (pl)

por la vía diplomática/política — through diplomatic/political channels

por la vía de la violencia — by using violent methods o means

d) (Der) proceedings (pl)

- vía de comunicación

- Vía Láctea

- vía marítima

- vía pública

- vías respiratorias/urinarias

2)

en vías de: está en vías de solucionarse it's in the process of being resolved; países en vías de desarrollo developing countries; una especie en vías de extinción an endangered species; el plan está en vías de ejecución — the plan is now being carried out

3) (Ferr) track

saldrá por la vía dos — (frml) it will depart from track (AmE) o (BrE) platform two (frml)

un tramo de vía única/de doble vía — a single-track/double-track section

- vía estrecha or angosta

- vía férrea

- vía muerta

4) (Anat, Med)

por vía oral/venosa — orally/intravenously

por vía renal — by o through the kidneys
II
preposición via

vía Miami — via Miami

un enlace vía satélite — a link via satellite

* * *

= conduit.

Ex. The architect's brief specifies that conduit (of sewer pipe size if possible) should be provided for electrical wiring with outlets placed in the ceiling every metre.

----

* canal vía satélite = satellite channel.

* comunicación vía satélite = satellite communication.

* economía en vías de desarrollo = transitional economy, developing economy.

* enlace de comunicaciones vía satélite = satellite link.

* en vías de desarrollo = in course of development, emergent, developing.

* en vías de jubilación = retiring.

* especie en (vías de) extinción = endangered species, dying breed.

* estar en vías de = be on the road to, be in the process of.

* estar en vías de conseguir = be on the road to.

* imágenes vía satélite = satellite imagery, satellite image data.

* infección de las vías urinarias = urinary tract infection.

* la Vía Láctea = the Milky Way.

* obstrucción de las vías respiratorias = airway blockage.

* país en vías de desarrollo = developing country, developing nation, emerging economy, transitional nation, transitional economy, developing economy, country with developing economy.

* países en vías de desarrollo, los = developing world, the.

* retransmisión vía Internet = webcast [web cast], cybercast [cyber cast].

* transmisión vía satélite = satellite transmission.

* vía de acceso rápido = fast track.

* vía de comunicación = communication pathway, highway.

* vía de doble sentido = two-way street.

* vía de escape = escape route.

* vía de ferrocarril = railway line.

* vía de salida = exit lane.

* vía de servicio = service road.

* vía de transmisión de datos = data pathway, pathway.

* vía fluvial = waterways.

* vía muerta = siding.

* vía pecuaria = droving road.

* vía pública = thoroughfare.

* vía respiratoria = airway.

* * *
I
femenino

1)

a) (ruta, camino)

una vía urbana — (frml) an urban thoroughfare (frml)

la vía rápida — the fast route

vía navegable — waterway

una vía al diálogo — a channel o an avenue for dialogue

dejen vía libre! — clear the way!

dar vía libre a algo — to give something the go-ahead o the green light

tener vía libre — to have a free hand

b) ( medio de transporte)

por vía aérea/marítima/terrestre — by air/by sea/by land

vía aérea — airmail

c) (medio, procedimiento) channels (pl)

por la vía diplomática/política — through diplomatic/political channels

por la vía de la violencia — by using violent methods o means

d) (Der) proceedings (pl)

- vía de comunicación

- Vía Láctea

- vía marítima

- vía pública

- vías respiratorias/urinarias

2)

en vías de: está en vías de solucionarse it's in the process of being resolved; países en vías de desarrollo developing countries; una especie en vías de extinción an endangered species; el plan está en vías de ejecución — the plan is now being carried out

3) (Ferr) track

saldrá por la vía dos — (frml) it will depart from track (AmE) o (BrE) platform two (frml)

un tramo de vía única/de doble vía — a single-track/double-track section

- vía estrecha or angosta

- vía férrea

- vía muerta

4) (Anat, Med)

por vía oral/venosa — orally/intravenously

por vía renal — by o through the kidneys
II
preposición via

vía Miami — via Miami

un enlace vía satélite — a link via satellite

* * *

= conduit.

Ex: The architect's brief specifies that conduit (of sewer pipe size if possible) should be provided for electrical wiring with outlets placed in the ceiling every metre.

* canal vía satélite = satellite channel.

* comunicación vía satélite = satellite communication.

* economía en vías de desarrollo = transitional economy, developing economy.

* enlace de comunicaciones vía satélite = satellite link.

* en vías de desarrollo = in course of development, emergent, developing.

* en vías de jubilación = retiring.

* especie en (vías de) extinción = endangered species, dying breed.

* estar en vías de = be on the road to, be in the process of.

* estar en vías de conseguir = be on the road to.

* imágenes vía satélite = satellite imagery, satellite image data.

* infección de las vías urinarias = urinary tract infection.

* la Vía Láctea = the Milky Way.

* obstrucción de las vías respiratorias = airway blockage.

* país en vías de desarrollo = developing country, developing nation, emerging economy, transitional nation, transitional economy, developing economy, country with developing economy.

* países en vías de desarrollo, los = developing world, the.

* retransmisión vía Internet = webcast [web cast], cybercast [cyber cast].

* transmisión vía satélite = satellite transmission.

* vía de acceso rápido = fast track.

* vía de comunicación = communication pathway, highway.

* vía de doble sentido = two-way street.

* vía de escape = escape route.

* vía de ferrocarril = railway line.

* vía de salida = exit lane.

* vía de servicio = service road.

* vía de transmisión de datos = data pathway, pathway.

* vía fluvial = waterways.

* vía muerta = siding.

* vía pecuaria = droving road.

* vía pública = thoroughfare.

* vía respiratoria = airway.

* * *

vía¹

feminine

A

1

(ruta, camino): vías romanas Roman roads

una vía urbana muy concurrida ( frml); a very busy urban thoroughfare ( frml)

la vía rápida the fast route

las vías navegables del país the country's waterways

abrir una vía de diálogo to open a channel o an avenue for dialogue

¡dejen vía libre! clear the way!

dar vía libre a algo to give sth the go-ahead o the green light

tener vía libre to have a free hand

2

(medio, procedimiento): lo hizo por una vía poco ortodoxa he did it in a rather unorthodox way o manner

por la vía diplomática/política through diplomatic/political channels

por la vía de la violencia by using violence, by using violent methods o means

3 ( Der) proceedings (pl)

Compuestos:

● Vía Apia

Appian Way

● vía contenciosa

legal action

● vía de acceso

access road, slip road ( BrE)

● vía de agua

leak

● vía de comunicación

road ( o rail etc) link

● vía de salida

exit road, off-ramp ( AmE), slip road ( BrE)

● vía de servicio

service road

● Vía Láctea

Milky Way

● vía marítima

sea route, seaway

● vía pública

( frml); public highway

● vías digestivas

fpl digestive tract

● vías respiratorias

fpl respiratory tract

B

en vías de: el conflicto está en vías de solución the conflict is in the process of being resolved o is nearing a solution o is on the way to being resolved

países en vías de desarrollo developing countries

una especie en vías de extinción an endangered species, a species in danger of extinction

el plan ya está en vías de ejecución the plan is now being carried out o put into practice

C ( Ferr) track, line ( BrE)

efectuará su salida por la vía dos ( frml); it will depart from track ( AmE) o ( BrE) platform two ( frml)

un tramo de vía única/de doble vía a single-track/double-track section

Compuestos:

● vía angosta

( Méx) narrow gauge

● vía estrecha

narrow gauge

ferrocarriles de vía estrecha narrow-gauge railroads ( AmE) o ( BrE) railways

un empresario de vía estrecha a second-rate businessman

● vía férrea

railroad track ( AmE), railway track o line ( BrE)

● vía muerta

siding

estar en vía muerta «negociaciones» to be deadlocked

el diálogo ha entrado en vía muerta the talks have reached deadlock

D

(medio de transporte): mandan las mercancías por vía aérea/marítima/terrestre they send the goods by air/by sea/by land

[ S ] vía aérea airmail

E ( Anat, Med):

administrar por vía oral to be administered orally

lo alimentan por vía venosa he is fed intravenously

la toxina se elimina por vía renal the toxin is eliminated by o through the kidneys

vía²

prep

via

volamos a México vía Miami we flew to Mexico via Miami

un enlace vía satélite a satellite link, a link via satellite

* * *

vía sustantivo femenino
1
a) (ruta, camino):

◊ la vía rápida the fast route;

una vía al diálogo a channel o an avenue for dialogue;
¡dejen vía libre! clear the way!;
vía de comunicación road (o rail etc) link;
Vvía Láctea Milky Way;
vía marítima sea route, seaway
b) ( medio de transporte):

◊ por vía aérea/marítima/terrestre by air/by sea/by land;

( on signs) vía aérea airmail
c) (medio, procedimiento) channels (pl);

◊ por la vía diplomática/política through diplomatic/political channels

2
◊ en vías de: está en vías de solucionarse it's in the process of being resolved;

países en vías de desarrollo developing countries;
una especie en vías de extinción an endangered species
3 (Ferr) track;
◊ saldrá por la vía dos it will depart from track (AmE) o (BrE) platform two

4 (Anat, Med):
◊ por vía oral/venosa orally/intravenously;

vías respiratorias/urinarias respiratory/urinary tract
■ preposición
via;
◊ vía Miami via Miami

vía
I sustantivo femenino
1 (camino, ruta) route, way
2 Ferroc (raíles) line, track
vía férrea, railway track, US railroad track
(en la estación) el tren entra por la vía dos, the train arrives at platform o US track two
3 (modo de transporte) por vía aérea/terrestre/marítima, by air/by land/by sea
(correo) por vía aérea, airmail
4 Anat (conducto) tract
5 Med (administración de fármacos) vía oral, orally
6 (procedimiento, sistema) channel, means
por vía diplomática, through diplomatic channels
II prep (a través de) via: vuelan a París vía Barcelona, they fly to Paris via Barcelona
vía satélite, via satellite
♦ Locuciones: dejar/dar vía libre a algo, to give the go-ahead to sthg
en vías de, in process of

' vía' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acceso
- aérea
- aéreo
- canal
- cauce
- conducto
- contramano
- férrea
- férreo
- láctea
- lácteo
- libre
- media
- medio
- obstruir
- oral
- tender
- tendida
- tendido
- través
- vía crucis
- bifurcación
- bifurcarse
- bravío
- calle
- comunicación
- desfilar
- novio
- obvio
- pasar
- previo
- salida
- señalizar
- terrestre
- tramo
English:
avenue
- by
- change
- channel
- clearance
- depart
- gauge
- line
- Milky Way
- narrow-gauge
- orally
- out
- pent-up
- platform
- railway
- railway line
- satellite TV
- service road
- siding
- slip-road
- surface
- thoroughfare
- track
- via
- waterway
- way
- air
- express
- fast
- high
- milky
- on
- rail
- ramp
- satellite
- Serbian
- shunt
- slip
- sweet
- switch
- thorough
- water

* * *

vía

♦ nf

1. [ruta] route;

por vía aérea [en general] by air;
[correo] (by) airmail;
por vía marítima by sea;

por vía terrestre overland, by land;
Fam
solucionar/conseguir algo por la vía rápida to solve/get sth as quickly as possible;

Comp

dar o [m5]dejar vía libre a algo/alguien [dejar paso] to Br give way o US yield to sth/sb;
[dar permiso] to give sth/sb the go-ahead;
dar o [m5] dejar vía libre a alguien [dar libertad de acción] to give sb carte blanche;

Comp

tener vía libre [proyecto] to have received the go-ahead;

tener vía libre para hacer algo to have carte blanche to do sth

Comp
vía de comunicación communication route;
vía férrea [ruta] railway line, US railroad track;

vía fluvial waterway;

la Vía Láctea the Milky Way

2. [calzada, calle] road;

en mitad o [m5] en medio de la vía in the middle of the road;

las vías de acceso a la ciudad the roads leading into the city;
Andes
calle de doble/una vía two-way/one-way street

Comp
vía pública public thoroughfare;
vía de servicio service o US frontage road

3. [de ferrocarril] [raíl] rails, track;
[andén] platform;
salirse de la vía to be derailed;

un tramo de vía única/de doble vía a single-track/double-track stretch of line;

este tren efectuará su salida por la vía 6 this train will depart from platform 6

Comp
vía ancha broad gauge;
vía estrecha narrow gauge;

vía muerta siding;

haber entrado o [m5] estar en vía muerta [proyecto, negociaciones] to have come to a standstill

4. Anat & Med tract;

por vía intravenosa intravenously;

por vía oral orally;

por vía parenteral parenterally;

esta enfermedad se transmite por vía sexual this disease is sexually transmitted

Comp
las vías respiratorias the respiratory tract;
las vías urinarias the urinary tract

5. [proceso]
estar en vías de hacer algo to be in the process of doing sth;

el conflicto parece estar en vías de solucionarse it seems like the conflict is on the way to being resolved o is nearing a solution;

el proyecto se halla en vías de negociación the project is currently under discussion;

un paciente en vías de recuperación a patient who is on the road o on his way to recovery;

un país en vías de desarrollo a developing country;

una especie en vías de extinción an endangered species

6. [opción, medio] channel, path;

primero es necesario agotar la vía diplomática we have to exhaust all the diplomatic options first;

por la vía del diálogo by means of (a) dialogue, by talking (to each other);

por la vía de la violencia by using violence;

por la vía de la meditación through meditation;

por vía oficial/judicial through official channels/the courts

7. [en barco] vía de agua leakage, hole [below the water line]

8. Der procedure

Comp
vía de apremio notification of distraint;
vía ejecutiva enforcement procedure;

vía sumaria summary procedure

♦ nm inv
vía crucis Rel Stations of the Cross, Way of the Cross; [sufrimiento] ordeal
♦ prep

via;

volaremos a Sydney vía Bangkok we are flying to Sydney via Bangkok;

una conexión vía satélite a satellite link

* * *

vía

I f

1 FERR track; de autopista lane;

vías públicas pl public roads;

vía rápida fast route;

darle vía libre a alguien fig give s.o. a free hand

2 ( medio)

:

por vía aérea by air;

por vía oral MED orally, by mouth;

por vía judicial through the courts

3

:

en vías de fig in the process of;

en vías de desarrollo developing

II prp via

* * *

vía nf

1) ruta, camino: road, route, way

Vía Láctea: Milky Way

2) medio: means, way

por vía oficial: through official channels

3) : track, line (of a railroad)

4) : tract, passage

por vía oral: orally

5)

en vías de : in the process of

en vías de solución: on the road to a solution

6)

por vía : by (in transportation)

por vía aérea: by air, airmail

vía prep

: via

* * *

vía n

1. (raíl) track / line

la vía férrea the railway track / the railway line

2. (andén) platform

el tren llega por la vía dos the train arrives at platform two

en vías de in the process of

países en vías de desarrollo developing countries

por vía aérea by airmail

vía satélite satellite

vía férrea railway

vía pública public highway

Spanish-English dictionary > vía
15 drain

dreɪn
1. сущ.
1) канал для тока жидкости а) дренажная канава, система осушения, дренажа б) водосток, труба;
канализация to clean out, clear, unblock, unclog a drain ≈ прочищать трубу to block, clog a drain ≈ забивать трубу в) мед. дренажная трубка( для отсоса каких-л. жидкостей) г) канал, протока (часто судоходная) ;
река( как транспортный канал) Several drains will be fishable tomorrow. ≈ В некоторых каналах скоро можно будет ловить рыбу. The main drain of the country is the Kongo. ≈ Главная артерия страны река Конго. ∙ go down the drain laugh like a drain
2) ток жидкости а) вытекание, истечение б) перен. расход, утечка Which caused no drain on the revenue of the state. ≈ Что никак не уменьшило доходов штата. brain drain в) разг. порция пива и т.п. в баре Two men came in "to have a drain". ≈ Зашли двое, по их словам, "промочить глотку". He stood drains round. ≈ Он ставил всем выпивку.
2. гл.
1) а) являться центром водосбора района (о водной артерии) In the valleys drained by the Sacramento. ≈ В долинах поймы Сакраменто. б) просачиваться, сочиться в) иметь канализацию (о городе, постройке и т.п.) г) отливать, отходить( о крови) The blood drained from his face when he heard the news. ≈ У него кровь отлила от лица, когда он услышал эти новости. д) высыхать, оттекать;
менять обычный канал течения It is impossible to pass there until the water drains. ≈ Пока вода не сойдет, там нельзя проехать. The ordinary flow of tears is thus drained into the nostril. ≈ В этой ситуации слезы текут в ноздри. This land won't drain. ≈ Эта земля никогда не просохнет.
2) а) осушать, отводить воду, осуществлять дренаж б) сушить (of) drain the tank of all water ≈ выпускать всю воду из бака в) осушать, пить до дна Where God Bacchus drains his cup divine. ≈ Где Вакх осушает свою божественную чашу. г) мед. дренировать рану, отводить кровь д) перен. истощать( силы и т.п.) ;
высасывать, выкачивать To expend as much as it could possibly drain from its subjects. ≈ Потратить максимум того, что можно было выдоить из подданных. The treasury was drained by his Norman wars. ≈ Казна была истощена из-за его войн с норманнами. Syn: exhaust
3) фильтровать ∙ drain away drain from drain out вытекание;
истечение;
отток - * from a leaky tap утечка воды из неисправного крана постоянное истощение;
постоянная утечка;
расход - * of money утечка капиталов - * on the resources истощение ресурсов - the upkeep of two houses was to great a * on my purse жизнь на два дома совершенно истощила мой кошелек /потребовала чересчур больший трат/ - it's a great * on my health это подрывает мое здоровье потребление - current * потребление тока дренаж, осушка, дренирование дренаж;
дренажная канава, дрена водосток, водоотвод канализационная труба - the *s of a house канализация /канализационная система/ дома (медицина) дренажная трубка( разговорное) рюмочка;
глоток - leave me a * оставь мне глоточек pl осадок, остатки;
опивки (диалектизм) пивная гуща > brain * "утечка мозгов" (выезд ученых из страны) > to go down the * провалиться сквозь землю;
исчезнуть, провалиться;
становиться все хуже > to laugh like a * хохотать до упаду > down the * без пользы, без толку > that's five years' work down the * работали пять лет - и все впустую, труд пяти лет - коту под хвост > to throw money down the * бросать деньги на ветер отводить, откачивать, выпускать ( воду) - to * water from a tank выпустить воду из бака /из резервуара/ истощать, опустошать;
высасывать, выкачивать - to * a country of its wealth, to * the wealth of a country выкачивать из страны ее богатства - to * one's purse опустошить кошелек - to * smb. dry выжать из кого-л. все до последней копейки;
разорить, пустить по миру кого-л. - to be *ed of its contents быть выхолощенным (о произведении искусства и т. п.) - black economy *s more than a billion dollars from the treasury подпольная /теневая/ экономика /черный рынок/ отвлекает более миллиарда долларов из государственной казны вытекать, утекать, стекать (тж. * away) - the water will soon * (away) вода скоро вытечет - his life was slowly *ing away (образное) жизнь медленно покидала его - the strength in his arms *ed away сила уходила из его рук (электротехника) отводить ток дренировать, осушать - to * the land дренировать почву - the river *s the whole countryside река собирает воды всего (этого) района (медицина) дренировать - to * an abscess дренировать абсцесс стекать в реку;
сбрасывать воды в реку (о притоке) фильтровать сочиться;
просачиваться оборудовать канализацией, проводить канализацию - well *ed с хорошей системой канализации пить, осушать, выпивать до дна (тж. to * dry, to * to the dregs) - to * a pint of wine (единым духом) осушить пинту вина - to * the cup of sorrow to the dregs (образное) испить чашу страданий до дна сушить (посуду) сушиться( о посуде) отжимать (белье в стиральной машине) - to set the switch to * поставить /переключить/ (стиральную) машину на отжим, включить отжим brain ~ "утечка умов", выезд квалифицированных специалистов из страны drain водосток, водоотвод ~ выкачивать ~ вытекание, истечение ~ вытекание ~ разг. глоток ~ дренаж ~ мед. дренажная трубка ~ дренировать (рану) ~ дренировать, осушать (почву) ~ истощать (силы, средства) ;
to drain (smb.) of money лишить( кого-л.) денег ~ истощать ~ истощение ~ исчерпывать ~ канава ~ канализационная труба ~ опустошать ~ осушать, пить до дна (тж. drain dry, drain to the dregs) ~ отток ~ постоянная утечка;
расход;
истощение;
drain of specie from a country утечка валюты из страны;
it is a great drain on my health это очень истощает мое здоровье ~ постоянная утечка ~ потребление ~ проводить канализацию;
this house is well (badly) drained в доме хорошая (плохая) канализация ~ стекать (в реку) ;
сочиться, просачиваться ~ сушить;
to drain dishes сушить посуду (после мытья) ~ убыль ~ утекать ~ вчт. утечка ~ фильтровать ~ attr.: ~ cock (или valve) спускной кран ~ attr.: ~ cock (или valve) спускной кран ~ сушить;
to drain dishes сушить посуду (после мытья) ~ of capital утечка капитала ~ истощать (силы, средства) ;
to drain (smb.) of money лишить (кого-л.) денег ~ постоянная утечка;
расход;
истощение;
drain of specie from a country утечка валюты из страны;
it is a great drain on my health это очень истощает мое здоровье ~ on foreign exchange reserves накопление валютных резервов ~ on liquidity отток капитала в ликвидность ~ постоянная утечка;
расход;
истощение;
drain of specie from a country утечка валюты из страны;
it is a great drain on my health это очень истощает мое здоровье the river drains the whole region река собирает воды всей округи ~ проводить канализацию;
this house is well (badly) drained в доме хорошая (плохая) канализация

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > drain
16 campaña

f.

bell.

echar las campanas al vuelo (figurative) to jump for joy

oír campanas y no saber dónde (informal figurative) not to know what one is talking about

campana de buzo o de salvamento diving bell

campana extractora (de humos) extractor hood

campanas tubulares tubular bells

* * *

campana

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) bell

2 (de chimenea) mantelpiece

3 familiar (extractora) extractor hood, (US stove extractor hood)

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a toque de campana figurado to the sound of bells

dar una vuelta de campana to overturn, roll over

echar las campanas al vuelo figurado to set all the bells ringing

oír campanas y no saber dónde figurado not to have a clue

tañer las campanas / tocar las campanas to ring the bells

campana de buzo diving bell

campana de cristal bell jar, bell glass

* * *

noun f.

bell

* * *

1. SF

1) [de iglesia, puerta] bell; [de orquesta] bell, chime

a campana tañida, a toque de campana — to the sound of bells

- echar o lanzar las campanas a vuelo

aún es pronto para echar las campanas al vuelo — it's still too early to celebrate o to start spreading the good news

- estar campana

- hacer campanas

- oír campanas y no saber de dónde vienen

2) (Téc) [de la chimenea] hood

campana de humos, campana extractora — extractor hood

3) (Buceo)

campana de buzo, campana de inmersión — diving bell

4) Cono Sur (=campo) country(side)

2.

SMF LAm * (=vigilante) look-out

hacer de campana — to keep watch

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de iglesia) bell, church bell

echar las campanas al or a vuelo — ( literal) to set the bells ringing; ( anunciar jubilosamente)

aún es pronto para echar las campanas al vuelo — it's too soon to start shouting about it

tampoco es como para echar las campanas al vuelo — it's not worth getting that excited about

me/te/lo salvó la campana — saved by the bell

oír campanas y no saber dónde: ese tipo ha oído campanas y no sabe dónde — that guy is talking through his hat (colloq)

b) ( en el colegio) bell

tocar la campana — to ring the bell

¿ya ha sonado la campana? — has the bell gone yet?

2)

a) ( de chimenea) hood; ( de cocina) extractor hood

b) ( para proteger alimentos) cover

•

- campana de buzo or de inmersión

* * *

= campaign, drive, push, crackdown.

Ex. The year saw a library fair in Gothenburg and a 3 minutes silent strike by cultural workers during the general election campaign.

Ex. Hierarchical bibliometry would act as a positive drive to support the authorship requirements now stipulated by some international editorial committees.

Ex. The key issue to note here is that the global push to describe and document Indigenous knowledge is gaining momentum.

Ex. As part of the worldwide revulsion against the fierce crackdown of peaceful dissidents now occurring in Cuba, the U.S. Congress has voted 414-0 to condemn the Cuban government for raiding 22 libraries.

----

* campana de Gauss = bell-shaped curve, bell curve.

* campana de inmersión = pressure vessel.

* campana + sonar = bell + ring.

* campaña contra la conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.

* campaña de ahorro = economy drive.

* campaña de alfabetización = literacy campaign, literacy movement.

* campaña de captación de socios = membership drive.

* campaña de concienciación de la gente = awareness raising [awareness-raising].

* campaña de control de alcoholemia = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.

* campaña de difamación = smear campaign.

* campaña de promoción = promotional campaign, advocacy.

* campaña de publicidad = publicity campaign, press campaign.

* campaña de recaudación de fondos = fundraising campaign.

* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.

* campaña de terror = terror campaign.

* campaña de violencia = campaign of violence.

* campaña electoral = election campaign, election race.

* campaña militar = military campaign.

* campaña política = political campaign.

* campaña presidencial = presidential campaign.

* campaña publicitaria = advertising campaign, publicity campaign, media campaign, press campaign.

* cañón de campaña = field gun.

* catre de campaña = camp bed, cot.

* hacer campaña = campaign, stump, go out on + the road.

* tienda de campaña = tent.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de iglesia) bell, church bell

echar las campanas al or a vuelo — ( literal) to set the bells ringing; ( anunciar jubilosamente)

aún es pronto para echar las campanas al vuelo — it's too soon to start shouting about it

tampoco es como para echar las campanas al vuelo — it's not worth getting that excited about

me/te/lo salvó la campana — saved by the bell

oír campanas y no saber dónde: ese tipo ha oído campanas y no sabe dónde — that guy is talking through his hat (colloq)

b) ( en el colegio) bell

tocar la campana — to ring the bell

¿ya ha sonado la campana? — has the bell gone yet?

2)

a) ( de chimenea) hood; ( de cocina) extractor hood

b) ( para proteger alimentos) cover

•

- campana de buzo or de inmersión

* * *

= bell.

Ex: In addition, one must not forget such mundane matters as door bells (front and back), a closing bell, fire bells, security alarms and possibly others all of which must be noticeably different.

* campana de la chimenea = chimney breast.

* dar una vuelta de campana = capsize, somersault, do + a somersault, summersault.

* pantalones de campana = flares.

* salvado por la campana = saved by the bell.

* vuelta de campana = somersault, summersault.

* vuelta de campana hacia atrás = backflip.

* * *

campana

feminine

A

1 (de iglesia) bell, church bell

a lo lejos se oía repicar las campanas you could hear the church bells ringing in the distance

las campanas doblan a muerto the bells are ringing o tolling the death knell

echar las campanas al or a vuelo (literal) to set the bells ringing

(anunciar jubilosamente): no quiere echar las campanas al vuelo hasta no estar seguro he doesn't want to start shouting about it o shouting from the rooftops until he knows for sure

pero tampoco es como para echar las campanas al vuelo but it's not worth getting that excited about

me/te/lo salvó la campana saved by the bell

oír campanas y no saber dónde: ese tío ha oído campanas y no sabe dónde that guy is talking through his hat ( colloq)

2 (en el colegio) bell

¿ya ha sonado la campana? has the bell gone yet?

tocar la campana to ring the bell

B

1 (de la chimenea) hood; (de la cocina) extractor hood

2 (para proteger alimentos) cover

Compuestos:

● campana de buzo

diving bell

● campana de inmersión

diving bell

C (de un instrumento de viento) bell

D

campana masculine and feminine (Per, RPl arg); lookout

estar or hacer de campana to keep watch

* * *

Multiple Entries:
campana
campaña
campana sustantivo femenino
a) (de iglesia, colegio) bell;

◊ oía las campañas I could hear the bells ringing;

tocar la campaña to ring the bell;
¿ya ha sonado la campaña? has the bell gone yet?
b) ( de chimenea) hood;

( de cocina) extractor hood
campaña sustantivo femenino
campaign;
◊ campaña electoral electoral o election campaign;

campaña publicitaria advertising campaign;
hacer una campaña to run o conduct a campaign
campana sustantivo femenino
1 (de iglesia, colegio) bell
2 Cost bell-bottom 3 campana extractora, extractor hood
vuelta de campana, roll over
♦ Locuciones: familiar figurado echar las campanas al vuelo, to start shouting about it
campaña sustantivo femenino
1 (electoral, etc) campaign
2 Mil expedition
♦ Locuciones: Mil (cocina, hospital, etc) de campaña, field

' campaña' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amarrar
- antidroga
- antitabaco
- campana
- carpa
- electoral
- estratega
- forma
- inoculación
- neutralizar
- orientar
- pro
- retintín
- tañido
- tienda
- tocar
- vuelta
- alfabetización
- calar
- campanada
- campanilla
- catre
- desmontar
- desplegar
- exitoso
- fundir
- informativo
- limpio
- montar
- publicitario
- recoger
- tañer
- toque
- viento
English:
agitate
- aim
- back
- bell
- bell-bottoms
- campaign
- canvass
- canvasser
- counteract
- drive
- electioneering
- flag
- flap
- flare
- hate
- hustings
- launch
- launching
- marketing
- mount
- pitch
- publicity
- push
- ring
- sales campaign
- smear campaign
- somersault
- tent
- think up
- toll
- turn over
- wage
- appeal
- ground
- hood
- roll
- smear

* * *

campana nf

1. [de iglesia] bell;

Comp

echar las campanas al vuelo: no queremos echar las campanas al vuelo antes de tiempo we don't want to start celebrating prematurely;

es pronto para echar las campanas al vuelo let's not count our chickens before they're hatched;

Comp
Fam
oír campanas y no saber dónde not to know what one is talking about;

Comp

te ha salvado la campana (you were) saved by the bell

Comp
campana de buzo diving bell;
campana extractora (de humos) Br extractor hood, US exhaust hood;
Mat campana de Gauss normal distribution curve, US bell curve;
campana de salvamento diving bell

2. [de chimenea] chimney breast

3. [para alimentos]
campana (de cristal) glass cover

* * *

campana

f

1 bell;

doblar las campanas toll the bells;

echar las campanas al vuelo fig get excited, get carried away;

dar una vuelta de campana AUTO flip over

2 de chimenea hood

* * *

campana nf

: bell

* * *

campana n bell

las campanas de la iglesia the church bells

campana extractora extractor hood

Spanish-English dictionary > campaña
17 Fairlie, Robert Francis

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. March 1831 Scotland

d. 31 July 1885 Clapham, London, England

[br]

British engineer, designer of the double-bogie locomotive, advocate of narrow-gauge railways.

[br]

Fairlie worked on railways in Ireland and India, and established himself as a consulting engineer in London by the early 1860s. In 1864 he patented his design of locomotive: it was to be carried on two bogies and had a double boiler, the barrels extending in each direction from a central firebox. From smokeboxes at the outer ends, return tubes led to a single central chimney. At that time in British practice, locomotives of ever-increasing size were being carried on longer and longer rigid wheelbases, but often only one or two of their three or four pairs of wheels were powered. Bogies were little used and then only for carrying-wheels rather than driving-wheels: since their pivots were given no sideplay, they were of little value. Fairlie's design offered a powerful locomotive with a wheelbase which though long would be flexible; it would ride well and have all wheels driven and available for adhesion.

The first five double Fairlie locomotives were built by James Cross \& Co. of St Helens during 1865–7. None was particularly successful: the single central chimney of the original design had been replaced by two chimneys, one at each end of the locomotive, but the single central firebox was retained, so that exhaust up one chimney tended to draw cold air down the other. In 1870 the next double Fairlie, Little Wonder, was built for the Festiniog Railway, on which C.E. Spooner was pioneering steam trains of very narrow gauge. The order had gone to George England, but the locomotive was completed by his successor in business, the Fairlie Engine \& Steam Carriage Company, in which Fairlie and George England's son were the principal partners. Little Wonder was given two inner fireboxes separated by a water space and proved outstandingly successful. The spectacle of this locomotive hauling immensely long trains up grade, through the Festiniog Railway's sinuous curves, was demonstrated before engineers from many parts of the world and had lasting effect. Fairlie himself became a great protagonist of narrow-gauge railways and influenced their construction in many countries.

Towards the end of the 1860s, Fairlie was designing steam carriages or, as they would now be called, railcars, but only one was built before the death of George England Jr precipitated closure of the works in 1870. Fairlie's business became a design agency and his patent locomotives were built in large numbers under licence by many noted locomotive builders, for narrow, standard and broad gauges. Few operated in Britain, but many did in other lands; they were particularly successful in Mexico and Russia.

Many Fairlie locomotives were fitted with the radial valve gear invented by Egide Walschaert; Fairlie's role in the universal adoption of this valve gear was instrumental, for he introduced it to Britain in 1877 and fitted it to locomotives for New Zealand, whence it eventually spread worldwide. Earlier, in 1869, the Great Southern \& Western Railway of Ireland had built in its works the first "single Fairlie", a 0–4–4 tank engine carried on two bogies but with only one of them powered. This type, too, became popular during the last part of the nineteenth century. In the USA it was built in quantity by William Mason of Mason Machine Works, Taunton, Massachusetts, in preference to the double-ended type.

Double Fairlies may still be seen in operation on the Festiniog Railway; some of Fairlie's ideas were far ahead of their time, and modern diesel and electric locomotives are of the powered-bogie, double-ended type.

[br]

Bibliography

1864, British patent no. 1,210 (Fairlie's master patent).

1864, Locomotive Engines, What They Are and What They Ought to Be, London; reprinted 1969, Portmadoc: Festiniog Railway Co. (promoting his ideas for locomotives).

1865, British patent no. 3,185 (single Fairlie).

1867. British patent no. 3,221 (combined locomotive/carriage).

1868. "Railways and their Management", Journal of the Society of Arts: 328. 1871. "On the Gauge for Railways of the Future", abstract in Report of the Fortieth

Meeting of the British Association in 1870: 215. 1872. British patent no. 2,387 (taper boiler).

1872, Railways or No Railways. "Narrow Gauge, Economy with Efficiency; or Broad Gauge, Costliness with Extravagance", London: Effingham Wilson; repr. 1990s Canton, Ohio: Railhead Publications (promoting the cause for narrow-gauge railways).

Further Reading

Fairlie and his patent locomotives are well described in: P.C.Dewhurst, 1962, "The Fairlie locomotive", Part 1, Transactions of the Newcomen Society 34; 1966, Part 2, Transactions 39.

R.A.S.Abbott, 1970, The Fairlie Locomotive, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Fairlie, Robert Francis
18 port

I [po:t] noun
1) ((usually without a or the) a harbour: The ship came into port; We reached port next morning.) pristanišče

2) (a town with a harbour: the port of Hull.) pristanišče
II [po:t] noun
(the left side of a ship or aircraft: The helmsman steered the ship to port; ( also adjective) the port wing.) levi bok
III [po:t] noun
(a strong, dark-red, sweet wine originally from Portugal.) portovec

* * *
I [pɔ:t]
noun

pristanišče, luka, pristaniško mesto; figuratively zavetje, pristan

port of call — pristanišče, kjer ladja pristane

to call at a port — pristati v nekem pristanišču

to clear port — izpluti iz pristanišča

to make port — pripluti v pristanišče

close port — rečno pristanišče

port of destination — namembno pristanišče

port of distress — oskrbovalno pristanišče

port of entry (exit) — carinska luka

free port — svobodna luka

naval port — vojna luka

port of embarcation — luka za vkrcavanje

port of discharge — luka za izkrcavanje

picked port — pristanišče po izbiri, izbrano pristanišče

port of refuge — pristanišče v sili

port of registry — domače pristanišče

economy port of risk insurance — zavarovanje pred nevarnostjo v pristanišču

port admiral — admiral vojne luke

any port in a storm — v sili je vsako zavetje dobro
II [pɔ:t]
noun

nautical levi bok ladje; odprtina za natovarjanje in iztovarjanje v levem boku ladje; lina na levi strani ladje

better port! — bolj na levo!

on your port bow — na levi strani
III [pɔ:t]
1.

transitive verb nautical

obrniti ladjo na levo;

2.

intransitive verb

obrniti se na levo (ladja)
IV [pɔ:t]
noun

portovec (vino)
V [pɔ:t]
1.

noun

drža; military drža puške pri pregledu (diagonalno k levi rami);

2.

transitive verb military

držati puško predicative seboj diagonalno k levi rami
VI [pɔ:t]
noun

(zlasti Scottish) mestni portal; technical vstopna, izstopna odprtina

exhaust port — izpušna odprtina

English-Slovenian dictionary > port
19 отход

1) General subject: breakaway (от традиций и т. п.), departure, deviation, digression (от темы), diversion, fallback, retreat, round, rupture, sailing, swing back, swing-back, withdrawal, back track, dissolution

2) Geology: horizontal displacement (from the surface location) (скважины), rock refuse

3) Naval: heading out, veering aft, Clearing (от причала)

4) Sports: leave, snapaway, snapaway (бокс)

5) Military: backtrack, bugout, clear-out, cop-out, detaching movement, disengaging movement, escape, escaping, get-away, march-away from the enemy, march-back, marching-away ( from the enemy), movement away from the enemy, moving away, rearward movement, rearward passage, retirement, retiring action (с боями), retrograde, retrograde movement, setback, step-back, stepback, tactical withdrawal (в боевой обстановке), withdrawal action (с боями), (войск) withdrawal

6) Engineering: backward movement (движение), withdrawal (движение)

7) Chemistry: fag-end, pullback, wastage

8) Mathematics: removal, separation

9) Religion: digression (Going aside), ecbasis

10) Railway term: excess, excursion

11) Law: departure (от прежней аргументации, от практики, от правовой нормы и т. п.), departure (от прежней аргументации, от практики, от правовой нормы и т.п.), effluent

12) Economy: estrangement

13) Automobile industry: waste

14) Mining: rejection (обогащения)

15) Diplomatic term: setback (or прежних позиций), withdrawal action

16) Metallurgy: offscouring

17) Politics: military setback

18) Textile: drawing-out

19) Oil: displacement (скважины), horizontal displacement (скважины), refuse, scrap, wastage

20) Fishery: losses, mortality

21) Astronautics: backout

22) Mechanic engineering: exhaust, leak

23) Business: divergence, waste product

24) Drilling: recoil

25) Sakhalin energy glossary: horizontal displacement (скважины), outstep

26) Automation: return

27) Plastics: cull (в тигле литьевой прессформы)

28) Sakhalin R: ( horizontal) displacement (скважины)

29) Makarov: branching, disalignment (напр. от оси), divergence (от нормы или стандарта), divergency (от нормы или стандарта), dockage (при ручной сортировке, напр. фасоли), go-off, march home, outgo, recess (воды, суши, ледника и т.п.), residual, residue, residue (твёрдый), residuum (твёрдый), retire, retract, retrogressive march, sailing (судна)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > отход
20 ресурсы ресурс·ы

resources

выделять ресурсы — to allocate resources

высвободить огромные ресурсы — to release huge resources

исчерпать ресурсы — to exhaust / to deplete resources

мобилизовать все ресурсы — to mobilize all resources

объединять ресурсы — to pool resources

отвлекать ресурсы — to divert resources

распоряжаться (финансовыми) ресурсами — to command (financial) resources

растрачивать ресурсы — to squander resources

внутренние ресурсы производства — internal resources of production

за счёт мобилизации внутренних ресурсов — by mobilizing internal resources

водные ресурсы страны — water resources of a country

военные ресурсы — military resources

вторичные ресурсы — recycled / secondary resources

денежные ресурсы — monetary resources

обеспечивать денежные ресурсы — to furnish monetary resources

дефицитные ресурсы — tight resources

естественные / природные ресурсы — natural resources

истощать природные ресурсы — to drain / to deplete natural resources

дешёвые природные ресурсы — cheap natural resources

невозобновимые природные ресурсы — nonrenewable resources

неисчерпаемые природные ресурсы — inexhaustible natural resources

охрана естественных / природных ресурсов — conservation of natural resources

рациональное использование естественных / природных ресурсов — rational exploitation of natural resources

потенциальные природные ресурсы — resources potential

страны, экономика которых зависит от единственного природного ресурса — single-resources countries

хищническое использование природных ресурсов страны — wasteful exploitation / use of natural resources of the country

вновь создаваемые ресурсы — newly created resources

интеллектуальные ресурсы общества — society's intellectual assets

людские ресурсы — manpower resources

материальные и интеллектуальные ресурсы человечества — material and intellectual resources of mankind

народнохозяйственные ресурсы — resources in national economy

невоспроизводимые ресурсы — non-reproductible resources

первичные ресурсы — primary resources

продовольственные ресурсы — food stocks

потенциальные экономические ресурсы — potential economic resources

производственные ресурсы общества — society's production assets

реальные ресурсы — real resources

сырьевые ресурсы — primary resources

сырьевые и энергетические ресурсы — raw-materials and power / energy resources

топливно-энергетические ресурсы — fuel and power / energy resources

трудовые ресурсы — labour force, manpower / labour resources

финансовые ресурсы — financial resources

энергетические ресурсы — power resources

выделение ресурсов — allocation

использование ресурсов — utilization / exploitation of resources

переключение на мирные нужды ресурсов, высвобождаемых в результате разоружения — conversion to peaceful needs of resources released by disarmament

планирование и распределение ресурсов — planning and allocation of resources

поступление (необходимых) ресурсов — influx of (vital) resources

растрата ресурсов — squandering of resources

расхищение ресурсов — plunder of resources

ресурсы недр — subsoil resources

экономия ресурсов — saving of resources

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > ресурсы ресурс·ы

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

to exhaust the economy

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

to exhaust the economy

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: